Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display in cataract surgery and relation to final visual acuity / Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display na cirurgia de catarata e sua relação com a acuidade visual final

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze and describe the coefficients found on maximum Ambrósio Relational Thickness-Maximum (ART-Max) and Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display total deviation (BAD-D) in eyes with normal corneal topography subjected to cataract surgery with premium intraocular lens implantation and correlated these data with final visual acuity. Methods ART-Max and BAD-D data from 103 eyes of patients subjected to implantation of diffractive bifocal intraocular lens, with normal corneal topography who achieved visual acuity of 20/20 or 20/25 without correction after cataract surgery were analyzed. The groups with normal and abnormal values were compared using the chi-square test. Results Thirty-two (31.1%) and 71 (68.9%) eyes presented normal and abnormal ART-Max values, respectively. The difference between these groups was significant (p=0.0002). Fifty-five (53.4%) and 48 (46.6%) eyes had normal and abnormal BAD-D, respectively, and intergroup difference was not significant (p=0.9576). Conclusion Among patients with normal corneal topography who underwent premium intraocular and had good final visual acuity of 20/20 or 20/25, suspicious or abnormal indices of ART-Max and BAD-D were frequent, providing evidence that it possibly should not be a contraindication.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar e descrever os coeficientes numéricos encontrados nos exames Ambrósio Relational Thickness-Maximum (ART-Max) e desvio total do Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display (BAD-D) em olhos com topografia normal submetidos ao implante de lente intraocular premium na cirurgia de catarata, correlacionando-os com a acuidade visual final pós-operatória. Métodos Foram analisados os resultados de ART-Max e BAD-D de 103 olhos de pacientes submetidos ao implante de lentes bifocais difrativas, que apresentavam exame topográficos normal e alcançaram acuidade visual 20/20 ou 20/25 sem correção visual no pós-operatório final. Para a análise estatística entre os grupos normais e anormais ou suspeitos, utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado. Resultados Foram encontrados 32 (31,1%) olhos com ART-Max normal e 71 (68,9%) com ART-Max suspeito/anormal. A diferença entre os grupos foi significativa (p=0,0002). Quanto ao BAD-D, foram encontrados 55 (53,4%) olhos com resultados normais e 48 (46,6%) com resultados suspeitos/anormais. A diferença entre os grupos não foi significativa (p=0,9576). Conclusão Entre os pacientes com topografia normal submetidos ao implante de lentes premium e que alcançaram acuidade visual 20/20 ou 20/25, os índices suspeitos ou anormais de ART-Max e BAD-D eram frequentes, não se configurando em contraindicação para a realização do implante.

Análise da prevalência dos pacientes que necessitam de óculos em um Hospital Oftalmológico em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Projeto Olhar Brasil / Analysis of the prevalence of patients in need eyeglasses in Ophthalmologic Hospital in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil: Projeto Olhar Brasil

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o projeto Olhar Brasil sob um olhar crítico, examinando a prevalência dos pacientes encaminhados para consulta oftalmológica, pós-triagem, que realmente apresentem vícios de refração não corrigidos. Métodos: Revisão de prontuários entre Março de 2014 e Agosto de 2016, totalizando 339 pacientes entre 6 e 18 anos de idade, sendo 5 pré-escolares (2 - 6 anos e 11 meses), 124 escolares (2 - 6 anos e 11 meses) e 210 adolescentes (10-20 anos) entre os quais 156 do sexo masculino e 183 do feminino , em um hospital oftalmológico em Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Resultados: No total dos 339 pacientes examinados 143 (42,1 %) necessitaram de correção e 196 (57,8%) não. Entre os 156 pacientes do sexo masculino 74 (47,4%) apresentaram necessidade de uso de óculos contra 82 (52,5%) que não precisaram, em relação ao sexo feminino os números foram de 69 (37,7%) que tiveram alteração ao exame e 114 (62,2%) que não apresentaram alterações refrativas. Em relação a faixa etária, os adolescentes, escolares, e pré-escolares apresentaram em números absolutos e porcentagem respectivamente 102 (48,5%), 40 (32,2%) e 2 (40%) de indicação de lentes corretivas. Conclusão: O projeto Olhar Brasil tem importância relevante para sociedade em geral, com diminuição da evasão escolar, melhor rendimento escolar e consequentemente da qualidade de vida dos beneficiários, embora necessite melhor treinamento e aperfeiçoamento dos profissionais da Atenção Básica em Saúde, professores do ensino fundamental e os alfabetizadores que são responsáveis pela triagem.

Abstract Objective: Measure the "Projeto Olhar Brasil" under a critic point of view, examining the prevalence of patients referred for ophthalmological appointment, post-screening, that show refractive errors uncorrected. Methods: Review of records between March 2014 and August 2016, in totality of 339 patients between 6 and 18 years old, 5 preschools (2 - 6 years and 11 months) 124 school (7 - 9 years and 11 months) and 210 teenagers (10 - 20 years old). There were 156 males and 183 females, in an Ophthalmologic Hospital in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Results: In total of 339 patients examined, 143 (42.1%) needed optical correction against 196 (57.8%) that not benefiting from the same. There were 74 (47.4%) males patients who required the use of eyeglasses, against 69 (37.7%) of females gender who obtained eyes test alterations. In relation to age, the teenagers, school and preschool showed in absolute numbers and percentage respectively 102 (48.5%), 40 (32.2%) and 2 (40%) indications of corrective lenses. Conclusion: The "Projeto Olhar Brasil" has great importance for society in general reducing the loss of students in school, improving school performance and consequently the quality of life of the beneficiaries, although it needs better training and improvement of professionals in primary health care, elementary school teachers and educators that are responsible for screening.

Guía clínica de refracción en el niño / Clinical guide: refraction in children

Es importante detectar y manejar un error refractivo que pueda afectar el desarrollo de la visión asi la educación en la infancia. Se han realizado estudios de prevalencia así como el desarrollo de un programa nacional en Chile, a través de JUNAEB, que permitieron desarrollar esta guía de orientación para el desarrollo de programas similares en otras áreas de Latinoamérica.

1t is important to detect and manage a refractive error that could affect visual development, as well education, in chilhood. Prevalence studies has been done, as well as the development of a national program in Chile, by means of JUNAEB. Those developments has helped us to design this orientation guide used for similar purposes in other areas of Latin America.

Prevalence and risk factors of refractive errors among school children in Mashhad, 2006-2007

To determine the prevalence of refractive condition and its risk factors among students in Mashhad. A total of 2510 students representing a cross-sectional of the population of Mashhad were sampled using random cluster sampling strategy. Primary and middle school students underwent cycloplegic refraction. The refractive errors of high school students were measured using non-cycloplegic autorefraction. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent [SE] of -0.5 diopter [D] or more, and hyperopia was defined as SE of +0.5 diopter [D] or more, and astigmatism of 0.75 cylinder diopter or greater. Examination was carried out in the school using standardized testing protocols. 2150 students [group 1: 1163 primary and middle school, group 2: 947 high school students and 13 missed data] participated. The prevalence of refractive errors in the 1st group was: myopia=2.4%, hyperopia=87.9%, astigmatism=9.8% and anisometropia=3.0% [SE difference at least 1.00 D], and in the 2nd group myopia=24.1%, hyperopia=8.4%, astigmatism=11.8% and anisometropia=5.6%. There was significant difference in refractive errors between girls and boys [P<0.001]. In primary and middle school prevalence of myopia increased with age [OR=1.3 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.7 and P=0.013]. The prevalence of refractive errors among students in Mashhad is high. Effective detection and treatment of these refractive errors is expected to reduce the incidence of amblyopia and strabismus and also can prevent substantive effects on academic performance

Environmental risk factors for refractive error among Egyptian schoolchildren

This study evaluated the preventable environmental risk factors of refractive error [RE] among 1292 Egyptian schoolchildren aged 7-15 years, chosen from 12 schools using multistage random sampling. A questionnaire was completed, covering personal, medical, social and environmental data. Statistical analysis revealed that living in an area with many sources of environmental pollution, age, sex, family history of RE, socioeconomic status, ocular problems, school level and amount of near-work [hours/day] were significantly associated with RE. Logistic regression, after adjustment for sex, found that school level, near-work, socioeconomic status and family history were associated with RE

Defectos de refraccion y rendimiento academico en la escuela primaria / Refractive errors and academic efficiency in primary school

Se realizo examen ocular a 832 alumnos de una escuela oficial de nivel primario en la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Se utilizo la prueba de Snellen como examen inicial para la busqueda de casos. Los alumnos que presentaron alteraciones visuales fueron remitidos al optometra para examen optometrico. Se encontro una prevalencia de 16.8% de defectos de refraccion y asociacion estadistica fuertemente significativa entre dichas alteraciones y bajo rendimiento escolar. Solamente 5% de los ninos tenian correccion con anteojos. Se senala la necesidad de incorporar en forma sistematica el examen de agudeza visual en todas las escuelas y colegios en especial ahora que las nuevas medidas gubernamentales obligan a la promocion automatica